※S: 主詞 O: 受詞 V: 動詞 C:補語(名詞或形容詞)
解釋為「是」的動詞(稱為連綴動詞(linking verb))完全沒有意義,故需要補語(complement)。
補語的詞類應該是名詞或形容詞。名詞的時候作為同位格,形容詞則修飾名詞。
動詞 | 解釋 | S+V+C | S+V+O+C |
be | 是 | ||
look | 看起來是 | The dress looks pretty. | |
seem | 似乎是 | The dog seems friendly. | The meat made the dog friendly. |
appear | 顯得是 | His demands appear reasonable. | They consider his demands reasonable. |
sound | 聽起來是 | His trip sounds exciting. | He found the trip exciting. |
feel | 摸起來是 | I feel sick. | The food made me sick. |
taste | 嘗起來是 | The drug tastes bitter. | I don't find the drug bitter. |
turn | 轉變為 | ||
prove | 證實為 | The story proved false. | I consider the story false. |
become | 成為 | He became a teacher. | His colledge training made him a teacher. |
make | 做為 | A nurse makes a good wife. | Most people consider a nurse a good wife. |
※檢視S+V+O+C的方法:將受詞語補語拿出來,中間加上be-V,看看能不能形成 S+V+C的句型。
eg. John's father gave him a dog.
John's father | gave | him | a dog. |
S. | V. | O. | O. |
名詞片語包含限定詞、形容詞、名詞三部份。任何一個部份皆有可能省略。
eg.
限定詞 | 形容詞 | 名詞 |
a | new | book |
two | little | dogs |
the | best | answer |
those | sweet | roses |
his | beautiful | wife |
many | good | students |
some | delicious | pizzas |
→最有可能是時間先後產生多個的同等位置名詞的情況。
the Pacific (Ocean)
the Atlantic (Ocean)
the Indian (Ocean)
the Mediterranean (Sea)
the Dead (Sea)
→加上 the ,因為在名詞的位置是普通名詞。 Pacific 則是形容詞。而普通名詞省略之後,意思不變,所以必須加上 the 表示某特定的普通名詞。
同理, the Titanic (Ship)、 the Hilton (Hotel)、the United States、the China Post等皆是如此。
但 Taipei Station, Tainan Park, Youth Park 則應視為一體的專有名詞。 004
時間(time)和狀態(aspect)是分開處理的。 => 把 be-V 視為句中的動詞,把後面的分詞(Ving、Ved)視為形容詞。
時間軸上括弧型的時間。(一段時間)
時間軸上箭頭型的時間。(從未知過去到某時間)
不定詞:to-V (不定詞也就是「不一定是什麼詞類」,有可能是名詞、形容詞或副詞)
不定詞可以視為助動詞的變化,帶有不確定的語氣。類似之處包括:
助動詞 | 同義的不定詞 |
must | have to |
should | ought to |
will/would | be going to |
can/could | be able to |
may/might | be likely to |
兩者皆可能是名詞,必須以句中是否含有不確定語氣區分。
複句:包含主要子句和從屬子句。從屬子句是將另外一個句子化成名詞、形容詞或副詞,放到另外一個句子中。
特色:
省略主詞或 be-V ,只保留補語部份。
主詞是空洞的字眼 (one, everybody, people, etc.)
XXX表示出現在旋元佑之問不倒文法範例180中的部份。數字表示第幾條問題。